This study investigated serum concentrations of 4-hydroxychlorothalonil (HCT, R182281), a transformation product of the fungicide chlorothalonil, in pregnant women in Sweden and Costa Rica. An analytical method for HCT was developed and serum samples from pregnant women in both countries were analyzed. In Sweden samples, temporal trends and seasonality were observed, with higher concentrations in the first half of each year. In Costa Rican samples, women working in agriculture and living near banana plantations had higher concentrations of HCT, while parity >= 1 and having a partner working in agriculture were associated with lower concentrations. This study shows for the first-time human exposure to the fungicide chlorothalonil measured by its transformation product HCT, with higher serum concentrations in women from a tropical agricultural environment compared to women from the general population in Sweden.
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Detection of the fungicide transformation product 4-hydroxychlorothanlonil in serum of pregnant women from Sweden and Costa Rica. Krais, A. M., van Wendel de Joode, B., Rietz, E., Blomberg, A. J., Rönnholm, A., Bengtsson, M., Cano, J. C., Hoppin, J. A., Littorin, M., Nielsen, C., Lindh, C. H. 2023. Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00580-8. PMID: 37474645. Spanish version (unofficial translation)